Example Film Studies Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1468 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Cinematographic Art Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Did you like this example? European film movements are most clearly understood as part of the cinema of periphery in relation to popular Hollywood productions. In consideration of examples from one European country, to what extent is this an accurate view? This essay will focus on some of the key movements in British cinema, looking at how they relate to the world of Hollywood. Firstly,I shall look at how British films have found their way into the American and world markets via the London-based company Working Title Films, and to what extent these films are integrated into the Hollywood scene. Secondly, There will be an assessment of the tradition of social realism in British cinema,including the New Wave and Brit Grit movements, and their place in international cinema. Next, I shall look at the documentary movement in British cinema, and its impact on the wider world. One of the most noticeable movements in British cinema in recent years has been the proliferation of the Working Title Films Company. Founded in London by Tim Bevan and Eric Fellner, Working Title has enhanced the profile of British cinema to an unprecedented extent. The screening of Four Weddings and a Funeral in 1994 proved a turning point in the history of British film, proving vastly popular with American audiences,and subsequent productions from Working Title have helped to cement the place of the British Blockbuster in Hollywood. In this way, British cinema has been able to produce films with international mass appeal, and it is probably fair to say that there are more mainstream British films on at the cinema now than there were fifteen years ago. However, it is important to consider that,although there has been an increase in the commercial success of British film,it is still arguably seen as a satellite of Hollywood. For instance, even successful British films are often labelled as art cinema. In an article on Shekhar Kapurs Elizabeth, Julian Hill argues that, Although it does offer entertainment through a fascinating narrative, the film as a whole is presented in a creative way, owing to the amateurish vision of Kapur. (Hill, 2000) Indeed, its relationship to Hollywood is entirely coloured by its status as an art film, and by implication, its partly British origins. Bordwell and Thompson argue that any British film of this type would be viewed as art cinema in Hollywood, as art cinema is a term, used by the US film industry to describe imported films of interest the upper-middle class, educated audiences. (Bordwell and Thompson, 1990) In this respect, British film is still marginalized in relation to Hollywood. Commercial success has been forthcoming, but the very fact that a film is British in origin leads it to be viewed in different terms to those in which a Hollywood movie is viewed. Even the big blockbusters of the Four Weddings ilk are viewed at least partly as foreign curiosities, and crucially they often try to appeal directly to an American audience, for example, containing a token American character. One area in which British cinema has perhaps demonstrated greater independence from Hollywood is in the field of so-called social realism films. There have been many move ments over the different eras which fall into this category, from the New Wave cinema of the 1950s and 60s, such as Room at the Top (1958), to the what have been called Brit Grit films, like Nil by Mouth (1997), and this recurring idea of kitchen sink realism forms an important part of the British cinema tradition. Indeed,it has been suggested that all of these movements are a tradition in themselves(Thorpe, 1999, cited in Lay, 2002) It is in this area that, for many critics,the real essence of British cinema is found. It has been argued that the aesthetics of British realism are defined in terms of opposition to Hollywood spectacle. Visual and acting styles were to be restrained, the emphasis was to be on ordinary people in ordinary settings. (Cook, 1996) In this respect, British cinemais not always a mere satellite of Hollywood, as it also tries to be deliberately antagonistic towards Hollywood ideals. Unlike many of the Working Title films, with their quasi-American lean ings and their use of a highly stylised Britishness, some social realism has sought to challenge this position. For example, in Trainspotting the audience is introduced to a much darker vision of Britain, and one less obviously palatable to Hollywood audiences, than that which is seen in Four Weddings and a Funeral. At first glance, one could argue that much British realism is so idiosyncratic as to be marginalized in the wider world, but films like Trainspotting and The Full Monty show that it is possible to make a film depicting ordinary British life that has mass appeal. However, although this form of cinema apparently demonstrates an indifference to Hollywood conventions, as cook notes above, it is actually not indifference but a form of rebellion. In this sense, British social realism as a part of international cinema can be seen as still subservient to Hollywood, albeit in a more subtle way than some of the other blockbusters. In order for it to be deliberately antago nistic toward the ideals of Hollywood, it is necessary that those ideals must exist,and in that sense, social realist films are peripheral to Hollywood as they fulfil the role of a counter-movement. Alongside realist fiction, a major area of British cinema is the documentary. Arguably Britains major contribution to world cinema, its heyday was in the 1930s. The documentary movement was headed by John Grierson, and funded by the film units of the Empire Marketing Board and the General Post Office. Through landmark productions such as Housing Problems (1935), the movement used its state backing, and freedom from commerce, to highlight many of the social problems of its day, and has been identified as the first movement to have a lasting influence on the art of film (Rotha, 1972). Like the fictional forms of social realism, it demonstrated a freedom from, and to some extent an aversion to, the ideals of Hollywood. However, unlike other forms of social realism, it is often cri ticized for its lack of aesthetics. There was no consistent artistic theory underlying the movement; the film art was to be used as a means to apolitical end. (Guynn, 1975) In this sense, then, not only is there the consideration of the documentary movement being antagonistic to Hollywood, but also the fact that it lacks artistic drive means that it can only form part of a balanced view of cinema. The art of film making is certainly able to deliver important views and to comment on the state of the world, but it is ultimately an art, and in this aspect the documentary movement, as we have seen, was lacking. Therefore, it must necessarily be peripheral since it does not engage the full potential of its genre, rather in the way that apolitical pamphlet usually shows less artistic development than a poem or a novel. In the light of this consideration, one could view the documentary movement and its legacy as a marginal aspect of cinema an important marginal aspect, even a n ecessary one, but nevertheless something that exists as a useful sub-genre and therefore is secondary to Hollywood. In conclusion, it does seem that British cinema is to some extent peripheral to Hollywood. Working Title films have in recent years brought British films into the Hollywood mainstream, but many of the films have contained an Americanised element, or have been seen as art cinema. In this way, even hugely popular British films are in a sense marginal. Social realism has provided an avenue in which British cinema has been able to shrug off Hollywood ideals in favour of showing ordinary peoples lives, and many films of this type have been successful overseas. However, in rebelling against Hollywood in this way, such films can be viewed as peripheral to it in an antagonistic sense. Similarly, the documentary movement rebelled against Hollywood to some extent, and the movements international importance is undoubted, being described as Britains major contribution to world cinema. However, its lack of an artistic aesthetic makes it necessarily marginal in the world of cinema. Film is, at bottom, an art form, and any movement that neglects the artistic element in favour of a political message can only ever be a marginal if important part of the whole. British cinema then, when viewed in an international context, is always peripheral to Hollywood. It is doubtless an important part of world cinema, and has made invaluable contributions to both the art of film and to the tradition of reportage through film, but the dominance of Hollywood in the international scene means that any movement that is outside it is, as a matter of course, a comparatively minor player in world cinema. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Film Studies Essay" essay for you Create order

Symbolic Interactionism In The Shawshank Redemption

As we have studied other perspectives concerning the relation between the Self and Society and their definitions of these terms according to them, we will focus and use Symbolic Interactionism to analyze the movie The Shawshank Redemption (1994). After introducing the the perspective’s paradigm, and explaining it’s three main authors George Meade, Charles H. Cooley and Erving Goffman, we focus on their application to the movie’s principal character, Andy Dusfrene. First by interesting ourselves on prison culture, then on Andy’s sense of Self and finally by comparing it to two of his fellow inmates, Red and Brooks. Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective focused on the meaning people associate to objects, events and†¦show more content†¦This explains why things have different meanings according to the situations. Finally, as meaning emerges trough interactions, it is also maintained trough them. As we acquire ways to feel, behave and think through our interactions culture is socially constructed. This explains why for symbolic interactionists, there is no Society, no greater body that controls and determines social norms, we are the ones who trough our interactions, create them. Since our responses to symbols, signs, events and situation are public, we are free to redefine to a certain extent meanings and as new things and objects emerge, we come up with new meanings. It is when we do not use a meaning associated with a symbol, for abstract ideas such as beliefs of values, that they disappear or are modified. This is how symbolic interactionists explain the change in â €˜â€™societies’’ mentalities over time. All of these choices and these interactions implicate a Self, a reflexive process that enables us to formulate, monitor, control and react to our own behaviour, which formation we’ll explain through Meade, Cooley and Goffman. Meade explain the Self-Formation trough role-taking, the process of assuming other’s perspectives, putting ourselves in their positions. He explains this process through three stages. The first one is the play stage, which is acquired through early childhood. Children learn significant symbols, the symbols that have a shared meaning, that will call for the same response for

Auditing and Control Within Organisations

Questions: Assume you are an auditor and are facing the following separate circumstances .All the following items are material .You can assume that management have refused to make any changes necessary to make the financial report true and fair so that the circumstances mentioned still exist. 1. The value of the write off for the Allowance for Doubtful Debts is inadequate .Management are unwilling to adjust it although the amount leads to a material misstatement of Accounts Receivable. The amount of the misstatement is limited to the Receivables and is able to be calculated. 2.A retailer provides a valuation for inventory at sales price less an allowance for sales margin. 3.The Block company has just been advised that its main customer who purchases 45% of its stock has just gone into liquidation.Due to the specific nature of its products Block company is unlikely to find another customer of this size.Block has been starting to have difficulties in making sufficient sales to continue operati ng. 4.The Croucher company has been valuing its buildings using the fair value method .Its buildings are currently shown in the balance sheet at their current market value of 18.5 million. The buildings had originally cost 12 million. 5.The Kaycee company values its inventory at LIFO and is unwilling to change it to FIFO as required by the Australian accounting standards.The amount of the misstatement is known and is limited to its effect on the inventory. Answers: Situation 1 Allowance for doubtful debts is a balance sheet account. It is the reduced from the total receivables of the company. This is regarded as contra assets account. It depicts the best estimate from the management side relating to the unpaid amount. It is the managements estimate that such amount will not be repaid by the customers. It directly affects the working capital of the company if this is understated or overstated. It is the responsibility of the management to record the allowance for doubtful debts properly in the books of account(Auasb.gov.au, 2016). Therefore instead of giving unqualified opinion auditor will give qualified opinion relating to this transaction of the company. A qualified opinion will be given because the amount is restricted to the receivables amount. There is material misstatement in the account which cannot be overlooked(Archive.treasury.gov.au, 2006). Therefore, it is the duty of the management to modify it according to the instructions of the auditor(Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, 2009). If management denies to the changes in the financial statements and auditor has not submitted the report to the board. Then auditor can modify its opinion and state it as adverse opinion. Auditor can take this decision on the basis that management has denied to take the corrective measures according to the relevant standards of the company(AUASB, 2010). Situation 2 Valuation of inventory is done at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. This treatment is according to the relevant standard. This is the uniform standard on the basis of inventory is to be recorded in the books of accounts. But actually retailer has recorded its inventory at sales price less an allowance for sales margin which is not correct. Inventory is regarded as the largest current asset for any organization. Inventory valuation excludes the cost relating to the selling and administration. It affects the company's current ratio, working capital and current ratio of the company(CPA Australia , 2014). In this case the auditor will issue qualified opinion on the financial statement because inventory is not calculated on the true and fair view. Auditor will give qualified opinion because it is affecting the liquidity position of the company. Thus qualified opinion relating to this transaction is appropriate(CPA Australia, 2014). Situation 3 Third situation is relating to the company in which major customer who purchases the greatest proportion of the company material i.e. 45% of the stock of the company. These major customers went into liquation due to which company has to bear the loss of sales. Moreover right now company is not having any substitute for this customer. Therefore company is having ample of difficulties to continue the sales of the company(CPA Australia, 2016). This condition is hampering the going concern of the entity, which is a big thing for any company. Company has neither the intention nor the necessity to materially curtail its operations in the business. Therefore, auditor should state the mitigating factors due to which effect of the present condition can be minimized(charteredaccountants.com, 2016). When the going concern of the entity is not stable then auditor will give modified opinion. However primary responsibility of the auditor is to state true and fair opinion on the financial statements of the company(charteredaccountants.com, 2016). An auditor while reporting will include an explanatory paragraph also, in which it will describe the event which results into the non stability of the going concern(Standards.org.au, 2016). Moreover, auditor will consider the consideration of the management before stating his opinion over the matter. Thus block company auditor should consider the above stated points while giving his opinion on the financial statements of the company(APESB, 2011). Situation 4 In the given case Croucher company is valuing its building at the fair value method. The building is shown at the current market value in the books of accounts i.e. 18.5 million. However, the original cost of the building was 12 million. According to the standard of fixed assets building is recognized at the original cost. Therefore, it can be said that company has done upward revaluation(Standards.org.au, 2016). This shows that company has not represented its assets on a true and fair basis. In this case auditor will issue qualified opinion(Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2009). Situation 5 The Kaycee Company is measuring its inventory at LIFO basis instead of recognizing them at FIFO basis. According to the Australian accounting standard inventory should be measured at FIFO basis. This states that recognition criteria adopted by the management are not correct. First of all it is the duty of the auditor to inform the management of the company relating to this transaction(Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2009). Auditor will send written representation to the auditor relating to this transaction. Management after considering the written representation of the auditor; modifies the books of accounts accordingly then auditor will give qualified report(Standards Australia Limited , 2015). On the other hand if the management of the company does not consider the auditor's representation then auditor shall give an adverse opinion(Standards Australia Limited , 2015). Overall adequacies of the accounts are hampered if the accounting policy is changed by the management unnecessary(The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia, 1998). FIFO method records the inventory in sequence. It is regarded as the most common method and popular method of management accounting. FIFO method is more practical as compared to LIFO. Moreover it is the duty of the company to comply with the accounting standard. Situation 6 The Genome Company while preparing his financial statements does not disclose the related party because of the privacy issues. Related party relationship is regarded as normal feature of business and commerce. It has direct effect on the profit and loss of the company. Financial position of the company can be changed through the related party transactions. Thus it can be said that related party transaction plays a crucial role in determining the business course of action. Related party has an opportunity to enter into the transactions which are not permitted to the unrelated party(Laker, 2016). Thus it makes it materials to disclose the same in the financial statement of the company(Standards.org.au, 2016). Primary responsibility of preparing the accounts as per the relevant standards is the duty of the management. An auditor has secondary responsibility to express an opinion over true and fair view of the financial statements of the company(Australian Accounting Standards Board, 200 9). Audit of financial statements does not relieve management from its primary responsibility i.e. preparation of accounts according to the relevant standards(Archive.treasury.gov.au, 2006). Related party transactions are not independent in nature therefore it increases the responsibility of the auditor. Many transactions relating to the business are within the course of the business but this is not true for every transaction. Related part has the power to operate extensively therefore it is necessary to have true and fair disclosure. Thus auditor should inform management to make the relevant disclosure relating to the transaction. If management agrees and makes amendments according to the auditor then auditor should issue unqualified report(Tomasic, 2016). If manager do not agree with the recommendation and do not make any relevant amendments in the books of accounts; in that situation auditor shall issue qualified report to the Genome Company(Standards Australia Limited , 2015). Through this auditor draws attention of the stakeholders towards the relevant related party transactions of the company. It shows that transactions of the company are affected because of the [presence of the presence of the related party. It is the duty of the auditor to give written representation to the management. If the written representations are considered by the management then auditor can modify its report accordingly. Auditor will identify and assess the various risks relating to the related party transactions(Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, 2016). The auditor will respond towards the assessed risk according to the materiality of the transaction. Thus, it can be said that auditor will present modified opinion in this case(Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, 2016). References APESB, 2011. APES 210 Conformity with Auditing and Assurance Standards. Archive.treasury.gov.au, 2006. Australian Auditor Independence Requirements. Auasb.gov.au, 2016. Australian Auditing Standards. AUASB, 2010. Overview of the revised and redrafted Australian Auditing Standards. AUASB. Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, 2009. Auditing Standard ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. ASA. Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, 2016. Auditing Standard ASA 720 The Auditor's Responsibilities Relating to. Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2009. Related Party Disclosures. AASB. charteredaccountants.com, 2016. Auditing Standards FAQs. CPA Australia , 2014. A Guide To Understanding Auditing And Assurance. CPA.

Sop Dental Assisting free essay sample

The Visa Officer Canadian High Commission Chandigarh Respected Visa Officer, I am Supneet Sandhu, resident of, Punjab, India. My academic record throughout has been outstanding. I have done my Matriculation with 87. 2% followed by my Senior Secondary with 81% after that I have did my Graduation followed by Bachelor of Dental Surgery with 62% in 2011. Recently I have secured 7. 5 bands in IELTS. I am writing this letter to express my interest in Dental Assisting Program offered at the St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario. I have chosen St. Clair College because it is a well known educational institution with wide variety of programs. Further Goals: I want to learn to grow in the challenging field of Dentistry because Dentistry, a lucrative profession, is concerned with all health problems afflicting the mouth, teeth, gums and other hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. It is accepted as a professional field which includes dental care and correction. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop Dental Assisting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dentists help people maintain their health and appearance. Dentists are assuming very important roles in the whole healthcare system. With an increasing awareness of the importance of oral health and the introduction of new fields like periodontics (care of gums and the diseases that might afflict them), oral pathology (diagnosis for diseases that affect the mouth ) and orthodontics (straightening and aligning teeth and jaws) have all enhanced the scope of this field. Accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada, this program will prepare me to assume a position as a dental assistant/ intra-oral health care provider, capable of working with health professionals in a variety of settings. The role of a Level II dental assistant involves precise and detailed work in a confined environment, including intra-oral skills such as selective coronal polishing, oral hygiene instruction, application of pit and fissure sealants, fluoride application, and teeth whitening processes. Moreover, the graduate of this program will perform a variety of roles including clinical, education, health promotion, and business administration and laboratory duties consistent with national standards and be eligible for certification by the Ontario Dental Assistants Association (ODDA) and the Canadian Dental Assistants Association (CDAA). After completion of this course in India there will be lot of opportunities for me include public health departments, hospitals, armed forces, college/university dental clinics. Why Canada: Canadians place great importance on learning, and have developed a first-rate education system [-gt;0]with high standards. The country spends more on education (as a percentage of GDP) compared to the OECD average, and is the second highest among G-8 countries. Canadian teenagers consistently rank among the best in the world on international tests of reading, science and math a testament to the outstanding quality of Canadian schools. A Canadian degree, diploma or certificate is well-regarded in business, government and academic circles around the globe. Canada has traditionally been a country of immigrants and has a policy of encouraging multicultural diversity. In this vibrant setting, different perspectives are respected and learning together is encouraged. Canada is considered to be a relatively peaceful, safe and orderly country. Its violent crime rate decreased for ten consecutive years from 1993 to 2003. Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted. International students who come to Canada should follow the same common sense safety precautions as they would anywhere in the world. Students can contact any Canadian Education Centre to learn more about personal safety, or attend a safety orientation session at their school upon their arrival in Canada. Responsibility of Financial Aid: My Brother is an Agriculturist would fund my education in Canada. I would also take advantage of Education loan from Punjab Sind Bank for my Study at Canada. I am confident that I have fulfilled all the pre-requisite of student visa application. Sir/Madam, I humbly request you to please consider my application.